Menstrual Health

Painful Periods — Causes & Treatment in Maryland

Dysmenorrhea — painful periods — affects up to 90% of young women. Primary dysmenorrhea (no pathology) is very common; secondary dysmenorrhea (from endometriosis, fibroids) requires evaluation.

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Common Signs & Symptoms

!Cramping pain during menstruation
!Pain beginning 1–2 days before period
!Pain radiating to lower back and thighs
!Associated nausea, headache, or diarrhea
!Pain severe enough to miss work or school

What Causes This?

•Primary: prostaglandin-induced uterine contractions
•Secondary: endometriosis (most important to rule out)
•Secondary: adenomyosis
•Secondary: uterine fibroids or polyps
•Secondary: pelvic inflammatory disease

Treatment Approaches

NSAIDs

Started 1–2 days before period — most effective pharmacological treatment for primary dysmenorrhea.

Oral Contraceptives

Reduce prostaglandin production — effective for primary dysmenorrhea.

Evaluation for Secondary Causes

Endometriosis evaluation for persistent or worsening pain with conventional treatment.

Frequently Asked Questions

Should I just take ibuprofen for painful periods?▾

For mild to moderate primary dysmenorrhea, NSAIDs are effective first-line. Severe or worsening pain warrants evaluation for secondary causes like endometriosis.

Think This Could Be Your Issue?

A proper diagnosis is the first step. Schedule your consultation today.

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